Substations & Switchgear

1. Substation:- A substation is a part of the electrical power system where voltage levels are changed, power is controlled, and the system is protected. It acts as a link between generation, transmission, and distribution.
   • Main Functions
     • Step-up voltage for transmission
     • Step-down voltage for distribution
     • Control power flow
     • Protect system from faults
   • Main Components
     • Power Transformers
     • Circuit Breakers
     • Isolators
     • Busbars
     • Current Transformer (CT)
     • Potential Transformer (PT)
     • Lightning Arresters
   • Types of Substations
     • Generating Substation
     • Transmission Substation
     • Distribution Substation
     • Indoor / Outdoor Substation
2. Switchgear:- Switchgear is an assembly of electrical devices used to switch ON/OFF, control, and protect electrical equipment and circuits.
   • Main Functions
     • Switching electrical circuits
     • Protection during fault conditions
     • Isolation for maintenance
     • Control and monitoring
   • Main Components
     • Circuit Breakers (MCB, MCCB, ACB, VCB, SF₆ CB)
     • Fuses
     • Isolators
     • Relays
     • Control Panels

• Types of Switchgear
  • Low Voltage (LV) Switchgear
  • Medium Voltage (MV) Switchgear
  • High Voltage (HV) Switchgear

Difference Between Substation & Switchgear